Rangkuman

Simple Present

Subject  E Singular Noun E She / he / It / _V1 es / s

             

               Plural Noun E They, We, I, you. _ V1

Each & Every E Verb harus singular

·         Every man, Women, & Child need (needs) love.

·         Nani & Andi go finishing every Sunday

·         Nani goes finishing every Sunday.

Subject + Prepositional Phrase E Verb liat subsjectnya

·         The book on the table is mine

Singular   pre. Phrase singular

·         The books on the table are mine

Plural                           plurar

·         The apples at that market are cheap

·         The fruit at those markets is cheap

Subject Gerund (ving), maka Verb harus singular.

·         Watching old movies is interesting

·         Reading a book is my hobby

·         Cooking with my mother is fun.

Pengertian Subject-Verb Agreement

Subject-verb agreement adalah persesuaian antara verb dengan subject dalam hal number, yaitu: singular (tunggal) atau plural (jamak). Subjek dapat berupa noun, pronoun, atau konstruksi lain yang berakting sebagai noun, seperti gerund dan infinitive. Pada dasarnya, singular subject (subjek tunggal) menggunakan singular verb (kata kerja tunggal), sedangkan plural subject (subjek jamak) menggunakan plural verb (kata kerja jamak).

Subject-Verb Agreement (Umum)

Secara umum pada bentuk present tense, singular verb berupa base form (bentuk dasar) dari verb dengan ditambahkan suffix (akhiran) -s. Adapun pada plural verb tanpa ditambahkan suffix -s (sebaliknya, plural subject ditambahkan suffix -s). Aturan kata kerja ini berlaku pula pada subjek berupa third person (orang ketiga, contoh: Ricky, Anna) dan semua personal pronoun (they, we= jamak; he, she, it= tunggal), kecuali I dan you. Walaupun berupa subjek tunggal, I dan you dipasangkan dengan kata kerja bentuk jamak.

Subjek tunggal harus mempunyai kata kerja tunggal. Begitu pula subjek jamak harus mempunyai kata kerja jamak. Ini kita sebut sebagai kesesuaian subjek-kata kerja (subject-verb agreement).

Perhatikan aturan berikut ini :

·         A bus hits a tree. (sebuah bus menabrak pohon.)

Ø  A bus tunggal dan kata kerjanya pun harus tunggal, hits.

·         Two buses hit a tree. (Dua buah bus menabrak pohon.)

Ø  Two buses jamak dan kata kerjanya pun harus jamak, hit.

·         A cup of tea is enough. (secangkir teh cukup.)

Ø  A cup of tea tunggal dan kata kerjanya pun harus tunggal, is.

·         Two cups of tea are more than enough. (Dua cangkir teh lebih dari cukup.)

Ø  Two cups of tea jamak dan kata kerjanya pun harus jamak are.

Ketentuan yang paling penting dalam bahasa Inggris adalah bahwa antara subject dengan verb harus in agreement. Artinya, jika subject-nya singular maka verb-nya juga harus singular. Sebaliknya, jika subject-nya plural maka verb-nya juga harus plural.

1. Singular subject-singular verb

            Yang dimaksud dengan singular subject adalah subject pronoun he, she, dan it atau nouns yang dapat digantikan dengan he, she atau it; Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan singular verbs adalah verb1+es/s, is/was, serta verb phrase seperti: is/was + verb-ing/verb3, has + verb3, has been verb-ing dan has been verb3.

2. Plural subject-plural verb

            Yang dimaksud dengan plural subject adalah subject pronouns seperti I, we, you, they, dan semua plural nouns. Sedangkan yang dimaksud dengan plural verbs adalah verbs dan verb phrase selain singular verbs di atas.

Subject-Verb Agreement Ketika Subject Dipisahkan Oleh Prepositional Phrase Atau Oleh Ungkapan-Ungkapan (Expression).

A. Subject-verb agreement ketika dipisahkan oleh prepositional phrase

Jika antara subject dengan verb dipisahkan oleh prepositional phrase (2 atau lebih kata yang diawali oleh preposition), prepositional phrase ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap verb. Yang perlu diperhatikan adalah apa subject kalimatnya. Jika subject-nya singular maka verb-nya juga harus singular, sedangkan jika subject-nya plural maka verb-nya juga harus plural.

Singular subject + (prepositional phrase) + singular verb

Plural subject + (prepositional phrase) + plural verb

B. Subject-verb agreement ketika dipisahkan oleh together with, along with, as well as

Selain prepositional phrase di atas, ekspresi-ekspresi seperti together with, along with, accompanied by, dan as well as, juga tidak berpengaruh terhadap verb.

together with (bersama-sama dengan)

along with (bersama-sama dengan)

accompanied by (ditemani oleh)

as well as (begitu juga, dan)

SUMBER : 

Kusnadi Moh., General Problem In English, Penerbit Bintang Usaha Jaya, 2011.

TUGAS KE 3

Choose the best answer and give an explanation about your answer

1.      The large carotid artery _(a)carrying blood___ to the main parts of the brain.

a.       Carrying blood

b.      Blood is carried

c.       Carries blood

d.      Blood carries

2.      Mark Twain _(c). he called ____ the years after the Civil War the “Gilded Age.”

(A) called
(B) calling
(C) he called
(D) his calls

3.      (d)Marconi develoved____ radio as the first practical system of wireless telegraphy.

(A) Marconi’s development
(B) The development by Marconi
(C) Developing Marconi
(D) Marconi developed

4.      The earliest medicines _(c) were obtained____ from plants of various sorts.

(A) obtaining
(B) they obtained
(C) were obtained
(D) they were obtained

5.      Pluto’s moon, Charon, _(c). it was moving____ in a slightly elliptical path around the planet.

(A) moving
(B) is moving
(C) it was moving
(D) in its movement

6.      Robert E. Lee  (b). he surrendered ____ the Confederate army to General Grant in 1865 at the Appomattox Courthouse.

(A) surrendered
(B) he surrendered
(C) surrendering
(D) surrender

7.      In the Stone Age, stone tools _(d)._ were polished ___ with other rock materials.

(A) polishing
(B) they polished
(C) for polish
(D) were polished

8.      The first steamship to cross the Atlantic _(a) was the
___ Savannah, in 1819.
(A) was the
(B) it was the
(C) the
(D) in it the

9.      The first plant-like organisms probably _(b)_ living ___ in the sea, perhaps 3 billion years ago.

(A) life
(B) living
(C) lived
(D) it was living

10.   Air near the equator _(a) to have___ a faster west-to-east motion than air farther from the equator.

(A) to have

(B) it has

(C) has

(D) having

11.  (c)_ DNA degrades ___ quickly after an animal dies.

(A) In the degradation of DNA

(B) Degrading DNA

(C) DNA degrades

(D) For DNA to degrade

12. (d) _ Because Annapolis ____ is famous as the home of the U.S. Naval Academy.

    (A) Annapolis

    (B) Because of Annapolis

    (C) Why Annapolis

    (D) Because Annapolis

13.  _(c)__ The Pacific Ocean ______ the deepest valleys and canyons on the Earth.

    (A) In the Pacific Ocean with

    (B) In the Pacific Ocean

    (C) The Pacific Ocean

            (D) The Pacific Ocean has

14.  In the United States, the participation of females in the labor force  (a) it jumped            from 37 percent in 1965 to 51 percent in 1980.

    (A) it jumped

    (B) jump

    (C) jumping

    (D) jumped

15. _(a) iron_____ the second most common metal in the earth’s crust, and it always occurs in combination with other substances.

    (A) Iron

    (B) Iron is

    (C) With iron

    (D) With iron is

16.  Although knives and forks (c) are they _____ of prehistoric origin, spoons are relatively new.

    (A) are

    (B) they are

    (C) are they

    (D) which are

17. __(a) Dinosaurs __ lived on Earth for nearly 150 million years.

    (A) Dinosaurs

    (B) Dinosaurs who

    (C) If dinosaurs

    (D) Since dinosaurs

18. ___    (A) The divided cochlea

__along most of its length into an upper chamber and a lower chamber.

    (A) The divided cochlea

    (B) Dividing the cochlea

    (C) The cochlea is divided

    (D) With a divided cochlea

19. When __    (B) did the doctor attend

___ the conference?

    (A) the doctor attended

    (B) did the doctor attend?

    (C) the doctor will attend

    (D) the doctor’s attendance

20. To Mike _    (B) the party ___ was a big surprise.

    (A) really

    (B) the party

    (C) funny

    (D) when

Correct or incorrect, revise and give an explanation about the error and you answer

21. Each day practiced the piano for hours.

Wrong, should have used the phrase every day

22. the directions to the exercise on page twenty unclear.

Right!

23. During the week eat lunch in the school cafeteria.

Right!

24. In the morning after concert was tired.

Wrong, after the concert in the morning very tired

25. During the meeting in the office discussed the schedule.

Right!

26. Everyone must leaves the room immediately. Right!

 27. I could sat on the beach for hours.

Right!

28. She will asking you many difficult questions. Right!

29. The new movie is receive good reviews.

Right!

30. We took a new routes to the beach house. wrong

31. They helped she with the work.

Right!

32. Her and Bob came over to visit me.

Right!

33. She lent it to you and I.  Right!

34. we offered she a place to stay. Right!

35. The soup needs more salt because he does not taste very good. Wrong , The soup needs more salt because he doesn't taste very good.

36. the girls ran too fast and she fell down.

Right!

37. they sold the car to you and I. Right!

38. I told his the truth, but he didn’t believe me. Wrong, I told him the truth, but he didn’t believe me

39. you and she should look for they. Right!

40. Martha was happy when she boss gave.

Right!

41. just between our, I am not sure if we can trust them. Right!

42. the travelers lost our way in the storm.

Right!

43. please tell your brother that me need to talk to him. Right!

44. the boy got the box and his opened it carefully. Right!

45. if my friend calls, please ask them to call back later. Right!

46. me and my friend are taking a trip. Right!

47. our neighbors are going with you and I.

Wrong , our neighbors are going with you and me

48. Ghea explained that her and her sister had often eaten at that restaurant. Right!

49. the students are allowed to ask questions when she doesn't understand a problem. Right!

50. do you know Ben and her wife? Right!